起升機構(gòu)等級計算及安全原則
起升機構(gòu)的安全運行周期取決于是否按特定的工作等級正確使用。根據(jù)國家標準規(guī)定，起重機的起升機構(gòu)工作等級由載荷譜和日均運行當量時間確定。 Safe and effective operation of the hoist is dependent on correct classification of the hoist’
s operation group. According to FEM9.511 and China standard the hoist’s operating group can be determined from load spectrum and average Daily operating time.
1
載荷譜 Load Spectrum 載荷譜可以根據(jù)下面表格確定 The load spectrum can be determined from the table below
| 輕級 偶爾吊滿載 經(jīng)常吊輕載 固定載荷輕 | 中級 偶爾吊滿載 經(jīng)常吊輕載 固定載荷半載 | 重級 重復(fù)吊滿載 經(jīng)常吊半載 固定載荷重 | 超重級 幾乎全吊滿載 固定載荷超重 |
| Light Occasional full load Usually light load Small fixed load | Medium Occasional full load Usually light load Average fixed load | Heavy Repetitive full load Usually average load Heavy fixed load | Very Heavy Usually almost full load Very heavy fixed load |
2
日均當量使用時間
Average daily operating time 日均當量使用時間可以根據(jù)實際使用時間按統(tǒng)計方法測算，參考公式如下： The average daily operating time of the hoist can be calculated from the running time of the hoisting machinery (Hours/day): 參考公式
Formula
t=(2 x N x H x T)/(V x 60) H = 平均起升高度 average hoisting height (m) N = 平均每小時工作循環(huán)次數(shù) number of work cycles per hour (cycles/h) T = 日均工作時間
daily working time (h) V = 起升速度 hoisting speed (m/min)
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工作級別確定
Determining the operating group of the hoist 當載荷譜和日均當量使用時間確定后，可以根據(jù)下面表中數(shù)據(jù)查出工作級別： When the load spectrum and the average daily operating time of the hoist are identified, the hoist’
s operating group is obtained from the table below:
| 載荷譜 Load Spectrum | 日平均當量使用時間 Average daily operating time ISO(GB) / FEM (小時 /天 hours per day) | |||||
| ≤ 0.5 | ≤ 1 | ≤ 2 | ≤ 4 | ≤ 8 | ≤ 16 | |
| 輕級 Light | M3 1Bm | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | ||
| 中級 Medium | M3 1Bm | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | M7 4m | |
| 重級 Heavy | M3 1Bm | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | M7 4m | |
| 超重級 Very Heavy | M4 1Am | M5 2m | M6 3m | M7 4m | ||
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安全操作原則
Safe working principles 安全使用起重機、避免對人員和財物的損害的關(guān)鍵因素之一是謹慎地按照安全操作規(guī)范正確使用起重機。 Carefully following safe working principles is one of the most effective ways of preventing damage to property and injury to personnel. 所有與起重機相關(guān)人員，包括操作員、維護人員、車間主任等，應(yīng)熟悉起重機的操作規(guī)程。 The operator, service man and work manager for the hoist should be familiar with the safe working principles for the hoist. 用戶自己的或第三方的經(jīng)過起重機廠家培訓(xùn)的維護隊伍是安全使用的保障。 A service team from customer or third party trained by manufacturer for operating the hoist and any maintenance services is needed. 很多事故或損害來自錯誤使用或不當?shù)木S護，經(jīng)培訓(xùn)的有經(jīng)驗的維護人員和操作員可以起到有效預(yù)防作用。 Misuse of the hoist or improper servicing may result in an accident that cannot be prevented by the safety equipment. Training in operation and servicing the hoist, foresight and care are essential in order to prevent accidents.
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