近年來，隨著國家加大對高速公路的投入，公路施工的安全生產(chǎn)形勢不容樂觀，大小事故時有發(fā)生，其中機械設(shè)備事故占有相當(dāng)比重。因此，如何加強機械設(shè)備安全生產(chǎn)管理，有效防治安全事故隱患，確保人員、機械設(shè)備的安全已成為各施工企業(yè)加快發(fā)展的一個重要任務(wù)。   In recent years, with the more and more investment on highway, highway construction production safety situation is not optimistic, the size of the accident to happen from time to tome, which occupies quite a proportion of machinery and equipment accident. Therefore, how to strengthen the mechanical equipment safety management, effective prevention and treatment of safety accidents, ensure the safety of personnel, machinery and equipment has become the construction enterprise to speed up the development of an important task.   一、公路工程機械設(shè)備安全管理目的   The purpose of, road engineering machinery equipment safety management   　　公路工程機械設(shè)備安全管理的目的, 就是采取各種形式的技術(shù)措施和組織措施、管理措施, 預(yù)防、消除一切使機械機械設(shè)備遭到破壞、人身健康與安全受到威脅、環(huán)境遭到污染的因素和現(xiàn)象, 通過一系列的措施來保護工人的人身安全和身體健康, 提高機械機械設(shè)備運用的經(jīng)濟效益。   Highway engineering mechanical equipment safety management, the purpose of is to take all kinds of technical measures and organization measures, management measures, to prevent, eliminate all ruined the mechanical machinery and equipment, health and safety is threatened, environmental pollution factors and phenomena, through a series of measures to protect the personal safety and health of workers, improve the economic benefits of mechanical machinery and equipment used.   　　機械機械設(shè)備的安全管理是一個綜合系統(tǒng)的管理, 既對人、機、環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的管理。機械設(shè)備的安全管理不到位就會引起: 機械設(shè)備本身受到不正常損壞的單純的機械設(shè)備事故;由于機械設(shè)備事故而引起的人身傷亡事故; 由于機械設(shè)備發(fā)生事故而引起的其他性質(zhì)的災(zāi)害;由于機械設(shè)備原因(機械設(shè)備本身不一定發(fā)生事故)引發(fā)的人身傷亡或職業(yè)病、環(huán)境污染等。   Mechanical equipment safety management is a comprehensive system of management, both the management of people, machine and environment system. Mechanical equipment safety management does not reach the designated position can cause: the abnormal damage of the equipment itself purely mechanical equipment accident; Due to mechanical equipment accident or personal injury caused by accident; Caused by mechanical equipment accidents and other nature disaster; Due to mechanical equipment (machinery itself does not necessarily have an accident) cause of life or personal injury or occupational disease, environmental pollution, etc.   　　機械設(shè)備安全事故的發(fā)生, 帶有隨機的性質(zhì),事后都可以找到確切的原因, 因此, 機械設(shè)備安全事故的大部分是可以預(yù)防和控制的。   Machinery and equipment safety accidents, with the nature of the random, later can find the exact cause, therefore, most of the mechanical equipment safety accidents can be prevented and controlled.   二、公路工程機械機械設(shè)備安全管理因素   Second, road engineering machinery, mechanical equipment safety management factors   　　在公路工程施工中, 機械傷人事故時有發(fā)生，機械安全事故也屢見不鮮, 給單位和個人財產(chǎn)造成巨大損失，甚至?xí)o個人帶來生命危險。導(dǎo)致機械設(shè)備安全事故和機械設(shè)備傷人事故的原因很多。但歸納起來主要是人、物和環(huán)境這三大因素。   In highway engineering construction, mechanical injury accident to happen from time to tome, mechanical safety accidents are common, unit and individual property due to enormous losses, and even will bring personal life risk. Due to mechanical equipment safety accident and mechanical equipment injuries for many reasons. But is mainly classified into people, things and the environment these three factors.  

  　　1、機械設(shè)備安全管理中人的因素   1, mechanical equipment safety management of human factors   　　安全管理中人的因素是第一位的,它包括機械設(shè)備操作者以及生產(chǎn)組織、指揮、管理等人員。據(jù)統(tǒng)計,由于違反操作規(guī)程而發(fā)生的機械事故和人身傷亡事故占事故的80%以上。因此, 生產(chǎn)組織、指揮、管理、操作手等人員是非常關(guān)鍵的。首先，操作手缺乏應(yīng)有的安全知識，專業(yè)素質(zhì)不高，安全、專業(yè)操作培訓(xùn)少， 未進(jìn)行崗前培訓(xùn)，對操作方式不甚了解,對安全操作規(guī)程不熟悉,工作經(jīng)驗不足,現(xiàn)場的安全技術(shù)交底也不徹底，對安全不重視，對存在安全異常情況的應(yīng)變能力差, 對可能發(fā)生的危險后果完全無知,均會導(dǎo)致事故發(fā)生。其次，安全生產(chǎn)組織者、管理人員、操作手等抱著僥幸心理違章操作。嚴(yán)格按安全操作規(guī)程辦事, 對組織者、管理者、操作人員來說就受到了“約束”, 于是一些組織者、管理者操作人員抱著僥幸心理違章指揮、違章作業(yè)。吊裝用的鋼絲斷絲，司機不及時更換鋼絲繩，水穩(wěn)拌合上料倉一個人去清理料，旁邊無人照看，裝載機剎車不好司機懶的檢修等都是引起現(xiàn)場安全事故的原因。再者，預(yù)見能力的局限性。操作人員紀(jì)律松懈、責(zé)任心不強, 施工現(xiàn)場安全交底不細(xì)致等,都會導(dǎo)致事故發(fā)生。在施工中,機械操作員邊開車邊抽煙、打手機、穿拖鞋以及與他人攀談等而導(dǎo)致注意力不集中的現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。盡管項目制定了很嚴(yán)格的安全管理制度，并能夠周密地去事先預(yù)測籌劃,但這種主觀預(yù)見能力到非安全專業(yè)管理人員、操作手有一定的局限性。   The human element is the first safety management, it includes machinery and equipment operators, production organization, command and management personnel. According to statistics, the mechanical accident due to violation of operating procedures and personal casualty accident accounts for more than 80% of the accident. Therefore, the production organization, command, management, operator and staff is critical. First of all, the operator lack of proper safety knowledge, professional quality is not high, less security, professional operation training, pre-job training, don’t know much, mode of operation of safety operation rules are not familiar with, work experience is insufficient, the scene of the safety technical disclosure is not complete, the safety is not seriously, the existence of security exception strain ability is poor, the possible dangerous consequences completely ignorance, all can lead to accidents. Second, the organizer and administration of production safety personnel, such as operator take chances peccancy operation. In strict accordance with the safety operating rules, and for the organizers, managers and operators was “bound”, so some of the organizers, managers, operators take chances illegal command, illegal operation. Hoisting wire broken wires, the driver is not timely replacement of wire rope, water stable mixing bin on a person to clean up material, next to no one to take care of, the loader brake scene driver lazy maintenance etc are all caused by bad safety the cause of the accident. Again, foreseeing and limitations. Operator lax discipline, responsibility is not strong, the construction site safety disclosure is not careful, could lead to accidents. In construction, machinery operators smoking while driving, cell phone, wear slippers and talk with others and lead to concentration phenomenon serious. Although project has made a very strict safety management system, and to predict in advance planning can carefully, but the subjective vision to the safety management professionals, the operator has some limitations.   　　2、機械設(shè)備安全管理中物的因素   2, in the mechanical equipment safety management factors   　　機械設(shè)備的技術(shù)狀況以及安全裝置、設(shè)施、使用的配件、材料質(zhì)量等, 也會對機械設(shè)備的安全運行造成影響。   Mechanical equipment technology and safety equipment, facilities, use of accessories, material quality and so on, also will affect the safe operation of mechanical equipment.

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